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There are four main methods of sparkling wine production. *The first is simple injection of carbon dioxide (CO2), the process used in soft drinks. *The second is the Metodo Martinotti created and patented by Italian Federico Martinotti (1860-1924) in 1895〔Patent CH-10711 granted on July the 12th, 1895: ''Installation pour la fabrication continue des vins mousseux''〕 and adapted by Eugène Charmat in 1907,〔Patent GB-7734 granted on April the 7th, 1908, with a French priority on April the 17th, 1907: ''Process for Decanting Sparkling Wines''〕 a French vine grower in Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule, in which the wine undergoes a secondary fermentation in bulk tanks, and is bottled under pressure. This method is used for Prosecco and Asti in particular. *The third method is the traditional method or ''méthode champenoise''. With this method the effervescence is produced by secondary fermentation in the bottle. As the name suggests, this is used for the production of Champagne, but is slightly more expensive than the Charmat process. *The fourth method is the "transfer method". This method will take the ''cuvée'' to bottle for secondary fermentation, which allows for the additional complexity, but then will transfer the wine out of the individual bottles into a larger tank after it has spent the desired amount of time on yeast.〔J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 657–660 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 ==Harvest and primary fermentation== Grapes used for Champagne are generally picked earlier, when sugar levels are lower and acid levels higher. Except for pink or rosé Champagnes, the juice of harvested grapes is pressed off quickly, to keep the wine white. The first fermentation begins in the same way as any wine, converting the natural sugar in the grapes into alcohol while the resultant carbon dioxide is allowed to escape. This produces the base wine. This wine is not very pleasant by itself, being too acidic. At this point the blend, known as the ''cuvée'', is assembled, using wines from various vineyards, and, in the case of non-vintage Champagne, various years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sparkling wine production」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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